What is NP-40?
NP-40, also known by its Chemical Abstracts Service number CAS: 9016-45-9, is a nonionic surfactant derived from nonylphenol and ethylene oxide. It is part of a broader family of ethoxylated nonylphenols and is commonly used in various industrial, laboratory, and manufacturing applications due to its ability to reduce surface tension and enhance solubility.
Chemical Structure and Properties
NP-40 is typically described as:
– A clear to light yellow viscous liquid
– Nonionic in nature (meaning it does not carry a net electrical charge)
– Soluble in water and many organic solvents
– Stable under normal conditions
Key properties include:
– Excellent emulsifying, dispersing, and wetting capabilities
– Effective detergent properties
– Relatively high chemical stability
Common Applications of NP-40
NP-40 is widely utilized in non-food sectors, including:
1. Laboratory and Research Use
NP-40 is often employed in biochemical and molecular biology protocols:
– As a detergent for cell lysis, especially in protein extraction and immunoprecipitation procedures
– For membrane solubilization and the preparation of cell-free extracts
– Compatible with many assays requiring controlled solubilization of proteins
> Note: The name NP-40 has been historically used interchangeably with IGEPAL CA-630, but formulations may vary slightly across manufacturers.
2. Industrial and Chemical Manufacturing
– Acts as a wetting agent, emulsifier, or dispersant in the production of paints, coatings, and inks
– Used in textile processing for scouring and wetting
– Helps in formulating cleaning agents, detergents, and degreasers for industrial equipment and surfaces
3. Agriculture and Environmental Applications
– Included in pesticide formulations to improve dispersion and adherence to plant surfaces
– Used in soil remediation and oil spill cleanup to emulsify hydrophobic pollutants
Environmental and Safety Considerations
While NP-40 offers practical benefits, it is also associated with environmental concerns, primarily due to its nonylphenol component, which is:
– Persistent in the environment
– Toxic to aquatic life
– A potential endocrine disruptor
Because of this, its use is regulated or restricted in several regions, including the European Union under REACH regulations.
Handling and Storage
When handling NP-40:
– Use protective equipment (gloves, goggles, lab coat)
– Ensure adequate ventilation
– Avoid release into the environment
– Store in cool, dry, and well-ventilated areas away from incompatible substances
Always consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer for specific guidance on handling, exposure limits, and first aid measures.
Summary
NP-40 (CAS: 9016-45-9) is a versatile nonionic surfactant used across laboratory, industrial, and environmental sectors. Its effectiveness as a detergent and emulsifier makes it valuable in many technical applications, although careful handling and awareness of environmental impact are essential due to its nonylphenol base.
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